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Its religious significance also diminished after the abandonment of the ancient religion following the Edict of Thessalonica. Its eventual downfall is believed to be due to the loss of its economic significance in late antiquity, following the rise of coastal Alexandria. The history of Memphis is closely linked to that of the country itself. The name of this temple, rendered in Greek as Aί γυ πτoς (Ai-gy-ptos) by the historian Manetho, is believed to be the etymological origin of the modern English name Egypt. Its great temple, Hut-ka-Ptah (meaning 'Enclosure of the ka of Ptah'), was one of the most prominent structures in the city. Memphis was believed to be under the protection of the god Ptah, the patron of craftsmen. During its golden age, Memphis thrived as a regional centre for commerce, trade, and religion. Its principal port, Peru-nefer, harboured a high density of workshops, factories, and warehouses that distributed food and merchandise throughout the ancient kingdom. It occupied a strategic position at the mouth of the Nile delta, and was home to feverish activity. Capital of Egypt during the Old Kingdom, it remained an important city throughout ancient Mediterranean history. Its ruins are located near the town of Mit Rahina, south of Cairo.Īccording to legend related by Manetho, the city was founded by the pharaoh Menes around 3000 BC. Memphis ( Arabic: منف‎ Greek: Μέμφις) was the ancient capital of Aneb-Hetch, the first nome of Lower Egypt. * Name as inscribed on World Heritage List

Hieroglyphs in Memphis with a statue of Ramses II in the background

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